Computing pervades all aspects of society in ways once imagined by only a few. Within science and engineering, computing has often been called the third paradigm, complementing theory and experiment, with big data and artificial intelligence (AI) often called the fourth paradigm.14 Spanning both data analysis and disciplinary and multidisciplinary modeling, scientific computing systems have grown ever larger and more complex, and today's exascale scientific computing systems rival global scientific facilities in cost and complexity. However, all is not well in the land of scientific computing. In the initial decades of digital computing, government investments and the insights from designing and deploying supercomputers often shaped the next generation of mainstream and consumer computing products. Today, that economic and technological influence has increasingly shifted to smartphone and cloud service companies. Moreover, the end of Dennard scaling,3 slowdowns in Moore's Law, and the rising costs for continuing semiconductor advances have made building ever-faster supercomputers more economically challenging and intellectually difficult. As Figure 1 suggests, we believe current approaches to designing and constructing leading-edge high-performance computing (HPC) systems must change in deep and fundamental ways, embracing end-to-end co-design; custom hardware configurations and packaging; large-scale prototyping; and collaboration between the dominant computing companies, smartphone and cloud computing vendors, and traditional computing vendors.

Within the next decade, the world will see a major disruption of the workforce due to advances in artificial intelligence (AI) technology. According to a McKinsey Global Institute report, 375 million workers, or about 14 percent of the global workforce, may be required to shift occupations as digitization, automation, and AI technologies start to take over the workspace. In a separate 2018 report by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), half of the global workforce is expected to be impacted one way or another by machine-learning technologies. AI technology will be at the forefront of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, and it will prove to be a far greater challenge than the ones that preceded it. If the world does not prepare, robots and technology could cause mass unemployment.

Founder and CEO at Fusemachines, Adjunct Associate Professor at Columbia University -- on a mission to democratize Artificial Intelligence. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a complex subject, inspiring awe in some and concern from others. This complexity makes the job of instituting AI training programs in underserved areas, where knowledge of the subject is usually far and few between, a hefty undertaking. In my last two articles, I covered the need to bring AI training to underserved America and outlined the types of training that would be beneficial. In this article, I will share a step-by-step approach for establishing training in underserved markets by breaking down the audience group into education, business and government.

Titled "Investing in trustworthy AI," the 82-page report from Deloitte and the Chamber Technology Engagement Center sought to identify the concerns that technology experts have when it comes to the adoption of AI, as well as highlight the impact that government investment in AI can have on the emerging technology. For instance, the survey found that 66% of respondents indicated that "the government could mitigate unwanted biases" and found 69% suggested that "the government could encourage accountability for AI decisions." Two-thirds of survey-takers want the government to reduce the impact of job loss due to AI, while 72% said the government could "mitigate acceleration of social divides between workers with and without AI skills." "Broadly, respondents overwhelmingly supported the notion that government intervention could enhance the benefits of AI and thus contribute to increased AI trustworthiness," the report states. One-quarter of patents granted by the United States Patent and Trademark Office use AI technologies in some shape or form, reports Deloitte, which claims that the economic impact of AI will be somewhere between $447 billion and $1.43 trillion over the next five years.

Labs across the UK are to be upgraded to help tackle infectious diseases, cut greenhouse emissions and more -- thanks to a £213 million government investment. The support -- part of the British government's wider'Research & Development Roadmap' -- was announced yesterday by Science Minister Amanda Solloway. It will give British scientists access to facilities including super computers in Cardiff to track infectious diseases and a floating offshore wind testing lab in Plymouth. The government's roadmap aims to make the UK'the best place in the world for scientists, researchers and entrepreneurs to live and work.' The new investment will not only provide support for the sciences, however, but will also be used to promote research in the arts and humanities.

A Photonics researcher at the University of Strathclyde has received a prestigious fellowship to support his development of ultra-fast Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies for medicine, security and renewable energy. Dr Antonio Hurtado, Senior Lecturer at Strathclyde's Institute of Photonics, is one of 15 recipients of Turing AI Acceleration Fellowships, supported by a £20million government investment and delivered by UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) to lead innovative and creative AI research with transformative impact. Dr Hurtado aims to develop ultrafast yet energy efficient AI systems using photonic devices which operate through low-energy light signals, such as the semiconductor lasers that can be found in mobile phones and supermarket barcode scanners. Dr Hurtado said: "In today's world, the ability to process vast amounts of data fast and efficiently is crucial in sectors such as energy, healthcare and finance. AI systems are key tools to make sense of huge volumes of data but consume very high levels of energy and increasingly contribute to global greenhouse gas emissions. "Operating in a similar way to the biological neurons that process information in the brain, the new photonic devices will be able to process data at high speeds while reducing energy consumption, helping the UK to meet its net zero carbon ambitions by 2050.

Fifteen UK researchers have been awarded the Fellowships, named after AI pioneer Alan Turing, supported by a £20million government investment. As a result of the government investment, Fellows will work with academia and industry to help elevate their world-class research and transfer their innovations from the lab to the real world. These innovations have the potential to change how people live, work and communicate, helping to place the UK at the forefront of the AI and data revolution. Dr Hernandez Lobato's research focus will be on'Machine Learning for Molecular Design'. Many existing challenges, from personalised health care to energy production and storage, require the design and manufacture of new molecules.

Two of Glasgow's leading scientists will develop cutting-edge Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology thanks to a £20 million UK Government cash boost. The Scottish projects, at the University of Glasgow and University of Strathclyde, are among fifteen innovative projects receiving the new Turing AI fellowships as part of the UK government's ambition to establish the UK as a world leader in AI and support researchers to scale up their innovations. Dr Antonio Hurtado, University of Strathclyde, received £1.16 million. He aims to meet the growing demand across the UK economy to process large volumes of data fast and efficiently, while minimising the energy required to do so. His AI technology will use laser light, similar to those used in supermarket checkouts, to perform complex tasks at ultrafast speed – from weather forecasting to processing images for medical diagnostics.

Certainly, Nigerians look forward to more government investments in the development of digital infrastructure across other sections of the country. So, it is imperative for the government to provide necessary funding to expand this centre to other parts of the country. The National Information Technology Development Agency (NITDA) has again achieved another milestone with the launch of the National Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics (NCAIR) as part of its contribution to the successful implementation of the digital economy. Coming at a time when the global economy is rapidly transforming into the new economy driven by creative innovations derived from Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM), the unveiling of this state-of-the-art technology innovation centre can be described as futuristic, in the sense that it is a remarkable demonstration of proactivity on the part of the Ministry of Communications and Digital Economy and NITDA. NCAIR represents government's determination to create a suitable environment for discovering and harnessing the abundant creative ideas of Nigeria's teeming youth population for national development through the promotion of innovative technologies. With the actualisation of this centre, the youth segment of the population would be challenged to channel their creative energies towards preparing solutions that seek to address future problems or challenges across all sectors of the economy.

Making Israel one of the world's five leading countries in artificial intelligence (AI) will require a NIS 1-2 billion annual investment by the government, out of the NIS 10 billion invested in this sector in Israel, according to the recommendations of a committee headed by Maj. The committee was formed at the request of Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu. Parts of the committee's draft report were revealed to "Globes", and were presented in brief as part of the AI Week held at Tel Aviv University in cooperation with the Israel Innovation Authority and Intel. The committee has 15 subcommittees, on which 300 senior people from the government, the IDF, institutions of higher education, and the technology industry serve. Its recommendations are slated for submission to the government in January 2020, if there is a government at that time.